Earthquakes can cause massive destruction, but engineers have developed smart ways to make buildings safer. By using innovative materials and designs, they can create structures that withstand the shaking forces of an earthquake.
Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates underground shift, releasing energy that shakes the ground. Buildings that are not designed to handle this movement can collapse, putting lives at risk. That’s why engineers study how to make structures strong yet flexible. To prevent collapse, some buildings rest on shock absorbers, or large rubber bearings that allow them to move with the earthquake instead of resisting it. Engineers also use steel and reinforced concrete to strengthen walls and support beams, allowing them to bend without breaking. Another technique, called base isolation, involves separating a building’s base from the ground using layers of rubber, steel, or lead, which helps absorb the earthquake’s impact.
Skyscrapers and high-rises often include shock-resistant joints that allow walls and floors to shift slightly without causing major cracks or collapse. Some even use tuned mass dampers—giant counterweights at the top that move in the opposite direction of the shaking, helping to stabilize the structure. Engineers are constantly improving earthquake-proof designs by studying real earthquakes and testing new materials. Some modern buildings even have smart sensors that detect early tremors and adjust the structure in real time. By applying these techniques, engineers can save lives and reduce damage, making cities safer for everyone.
Related Stories
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-engineer-buildings-that-withstand-earthquakes/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/earthquake-resistant-construction
https://buildertrend.com/blog/extreme-building-earthquakes/
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https://www.price.utah.edu/2024/01/25/earthquake-proofing-mass-timber-buildings
