https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a19681544/how-a-submarine-surfaces-through-ice/

Seeing a US submarine bursting through arctic ice is a power full image, but surfacing a 48,000 ton naval vehicle is very hard.

The ice on the Arctic is a good hiding place for submarines to not be seen from other ships or from the air, but it also makes firing missiles and communication impossible. Because of this sometimes it is necessary for submarines to break through the layers of ice, in order to contact bases. The US Navy first started to practice this maneuver this week. Breaking through the ice with a submarine starts with finding weak points that have more water than ice using Fracture, leads, and polynyas (Flaps). The Flaps can predict weather that creates pockets of water. New submarines are being created that are strengthened so they can break through arctic ice. Surfacing is a very risking task that can easily cost 1 billion dollars to repair a botched surfacing.

This will impact the types of naval and air craft we will create in the future. If submarines continue to seek protection under the arctic ice new planes and anti-sub ships will be developed to detect or attack the submarines. As new anti submarine tactics are developed to find and destroy under ice submarines. These new submarines are being built with more armor and better ice breaking technology. This will also allow scientists to go on submarines to study Arctic underwater marine life and water patterns. This new development can lead to not only military advancements but also scientific and exploitative advancements. It can be very useful in many engineering ways and can lead to very major advancements in naval and aeronautical engineering, pertaining to ice and detection strategies.